OPTIC NERVE ATROPHY

Optic nerve atrophy (ONA) is a condition in which the optic nerve, a group of nerves that transmits visual information from the eye to the brain, deteriorates or is damaged. ONA may be brought on by hereditary factors, trauma (including stroke), a reduction in blood flow or oxygen, infections, or diseases. An eye exam might reveal the excessively pale appearance of these nerves, which is caused by atrophy.

Signs of Optic Nerve Atrophy include:

• Cloudy vision.
• A decline in visual function, such as a loss of visual acuity—the ability to see clearly—or a loss of peripheral (side) vision.
• Weak pupil constriction in light.
• A decrease in one eye’s brightness in comparison to the other.
• Modification of the optic disc.

We have perfected the technology at the Medtravellers Research Centre for isolating the greatest amount of viable stem cells from an autologous source (Bone Marrow and Adipose). Depending on the recommendation of our expert, these cells are administered via any of the techniques listed below:

Retrobulbar Administration: Cells are pumped into the retina of the eye using this method.

If injected back into the eye, these cells can develop the microenvironment required to replace the macula’s damaged or dead cells with fresh cells and repair the damaged nerve.

Optic Atrophy Causes

Optic atrophy occurs when the optic nerve is unable to send signals to the brain. This can be due to various reasons.

1. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

It is sudden vision loss caused due to reduced blood flow to the optic nerve. The disorder is common in those over 50 years of age. The risk factors include:

• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Blood pressure drops
• Swollen head arteries
• Clogged arteries
• Heart disease
• Diabetes
• Sleep apnea
• Smoking
• Migraines

2. Glaucoma

It is a group of conditions damaging the optic nerve. It is caused due to high eye pressure. The different types include:

Open-angle glaucoma

(Buildup blocks eye drainage)

Angle-closure glaucoma

(Iris bulges, blocking drainage)

Pigmentary glaucoma

(Pigment granules block drainage)

Normal-tension glaucoma

(Damage despite normal pressure)

Childhood glaucoma

(Due to drainage blockages or other issues)

3. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

It is a stroke of the optic nerve caused by:

• Inflamed blood-supplying arteries
• Narrowed arteries
• Reduced blood flow
• Blood pressure drops
• Increased blood thickness
• Increased eye pressure

4. Multiple Sclerosis

It is an autoimmune disease attacking central nervous system nerve fibers. It causes swelling of the optic nerve (optic neuritis). This leads to optic atrophy.

5. Other Causes

• Tumors pressing on the optic nerve
• Improper optic nerve formation in utero

Optic Atrophy Symptoms

Symptoms involve vision loss, including:

• Reduced vision sharpness
• Blurred vision
• Impaired peripheral vision
• Trouble identifying colors

Optic Atrophy Diagnosis

See your ophthalmologist if you notice the above symptoms. They might use an ophthalmoscope to check your optic disc. A pale optic disc suggests optic atrophy. An MRI may be needed for tumors or multiple sclerosis.

Optic Nerve Atrophy Treatment

Regular eye checkups are important as there is no cure for optic atrophy. The optic atrophy treatments focus on underlying causes.

1. Glaucoma Treatment

Damage is irreversible, but early treatment can help. Options include:

• Eye drops
• Medications
• Laser treatment
• Surgery

2. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Treatment

Treat underlying factors like cardiovascular disease or giant cell arteritis with corticosteroids.

3. Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

No cure available, but medications and physical therapy can manage symptoms. If optic neuritis causes swelling, reducing inflammation may restore vision.

Optic Nerve Treatment Options

Regular eye checkups help detect problems early. Optic nerve damage treatment varies based on the underlying cause.

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Treatment

Manage risk factors like blood pressure and cholesterol. Address head artery inflammation with corticosteroids.

Optic Nerve Swelling Treatment

For multiple sclerosis, reduce optic neuritis inflammation. Medications and therapy help manage symptoms.

Primary vs Secondary Optic Atrophy

• Primary Optic Atrophy

It is caused by direct optic nerve damage. No other structures are involved.

• Secondary Optic Atrophy

It is caused by other eye conditions. Treat the primary condition to manage secondary optic atrophy.

Optic Atrophy Types

• Consecutive Optic Atrophy results from chronic eye disease and progresses gradually.
• Acute Optic Atrophy is caused by sudden events like trauma or stroke and requires immediate attention.

What to Do If You Experience Vision Loss

Contact your doctor immediately if you notice vision loss. Early treatment with stem cell therapy can prevent permanent damage.

Optic atrophy is serious and can lead to vision loss. You need to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options to manage the condition. Regular eye checkups and early treatment are important for preserving vision.

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