Stem cells have the ability to transform into healthy new brain tissue and nerves. They also help rebuild blood vessels and enhance blood flow. For Cerebral Palsy – get stem cell treatments.
Many patients with cerebral palsy have shown significant improvement on the GMFCS scale following stem cell therapy treatment. This has led to increased mobility and better quality of life.
Umbilical Cord Blood
Umbilical cord blood is rich in hematopoietic stem cells. These are the blood-forming cells that can be transplanted to patients with life-threatening diseases like leukemia, lymphoma, certain inherited metabolic and immune system disorders, and bone marrow failure syndromes.
Cord blood is also a promising source of neural stem cells, which are able to migrate to areas of the brain that need repair. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to, or lack of development in a part of the brain that controls movement and posture.
In a phase 2 trial, researchers gave 63 children with various types and severities of spastic cerebral palsy infusions of their own cord blood that had been banked at birth. They found that children receiving one intravenous dose of at least 25 million cord blood stem cells per kilogram of body weight showed improvements in their motor function over a year, outperforming those who received either a lower dose of stem cells or a placebo.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC)
Bone marrow stem cells are the body’s natural healing agents. They are found primarily in the pelvic bones but can also be extracted from the humerus and tibia. The marrow is aspirated through a needle puncture under local anesthesia with minimal discomfort. The marrow is then centrifuged to concentrate the stem cells and other growth factors. This preparation is called bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC).
Researchers from Rush University Medical Center in Chicago have studied the effects of BMAC therapy on spinal disc damage. Their results were encouraging. After one year, patients treated with BMAC had higher GMFM scores than the control group.
The treatment can help restore normal function to the spine. It is especially useful for treating conditions like degenerative diseases and arthritis that can result in a lack of flexibility and mobility. It can be an alternative to surgery in many cases. It can help reduce pain, inflammation and improve quality of life.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs)
ADSCs have the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages when cultured under specific conditions. They also secrete neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
In vitro, ADSCs are capable of transforming into all potential cell lineages and possess multipotency and self-renewal properties. They also express a variety of differentiation-related markers, such as CD29, CD44, and CD73. They display a similar immunophenotype as BM-MSCs, with a flow cytometry profile that is positive for CD117, HLA-DR, and CD45; and negative for CD34 and CD49d [42].
However, despite the significant progress in ADSCs research, several challenges remain to be addressed prior to clinical use. In particular, the variable nature of ADSC manipulations and their effects on cell functionality and stability still pose significant obstacles to standardized procedures. For instance, the storage and transportation of ADSCs and their derivatives are often performed using liquid nitrogen, which negatively impacts cell viability.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
MSCs are multipotent cells that can proliferate and differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal lineages including stromal, hepatocyte and neuronal precursors. They also secrete a host of immunomodulatory cytokines that can inhibit immune cell proliferation and suppress the release of toxic substances from activated macrophages and T and B cells in inflammatory conditions such as hypoxia-ischemia induced brain injury or perinatal brain damage.
Immunomodulatory properties of MSCs are highlighted in a number of preclinical and clinical studies, such as their ability to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), promote tissue repair, facilitate hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, and decrease infection rates in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. The discovery of MSCs’ in vivo paracrine function has opened up new avenues for the clinical use of these cells.
In contrast to the early emphasis on MSCs’ differentiation potential, current research highlights their immunomodulatory capacity in a wide range of clinical conditions. Moreover, MSCs from different adult tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood, have distinct cell biological characteristics, surface marker expression and paracrine functions.
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